2/7- Metaphors We Live By Notes

The Systemacticity of Metaphorical Concepts

-We can use the metaphorical linguistic expressions to study the nature of the metaphorical nature of our activities
-Time is money example .. "You're wasting my time. This gadget will save you hours."
-Corresponding to the fact that we act as if time is a valuable commodity a limited resource, even money- we concieve of time as the kind of thing that can be spent, wasted, budgeted, invested wisely or pooorly saved or squandered.
-The metaphor = Time is money entails that time is a valuable resource which entails that time is a valuable commodity
-metaphorical entailments can characterize a coherent system of metaphorical concepts and a corresponding coherent system of metaphorical experessions for those concepts

Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
-The systemaicity that allows us to comprehend one aspect of a concept in terms of another will hide other aspects of a concept
-a more subtle case of how a metaphorical concept can hide an aspect of our experience can be seen in a "conduit metaphor" .. speaker puts ideas into words and sens them along a conduit to a hearer who takes the idea/objects out of the word/containers.
-the conduit metaphor does not dfit cases wgere context is requie=red ti determine wether the sentance has meaning at all and if so, what meaning it has.
-metaphorical conepts can be extended beyond the the range of ordinary literal ways of thinking into the range of what is called figuartive thought/language

Orientational Metaphors
-organizes a whole system of concepts with respect to one another
-give a concept of spatial orientation i.e..happy is up. "I'm feeling up today!"
-there is  an internal systemacity to each spatialization metaphor (which are roote in physical and cultural metaphor)

Metaphor and Culture Coherence
-The most fundamental values in a culture will be coherent with the metaphorical structure of the most fundamental concepts in culture
-our values are not independent but must form a coherenr system with the metaphorical concepts we live by
-Which values are given priority is partly a matter of the subculture one lives in and partly a matter of personal values. The various subcultures of a mainstream culture share basic values but give them different priorities.
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